Updated: 16 September 2026

Charge Documents and ROC Forms under the Companies Act, 2013

When a company creates a security interest over its property, assets or undertaking, the charge may have to be registered with the Registrar of Companies (ROC). Chapter VI of the Companies Act, 2013, read with the Companies (Registration of Charges) Rules, 2014, governs registration, modification, satisfaction and related filings.

Meaning of "charge": Section 2(16) of the Companies Act, 2013 defines a charge as an interest or lien created on the property or assets of a company or any of its undertakings, or both, as security, and includes a mortgage.

Legal framework for registration of charges

Section 77 - Duty to register charges: A company creating a charge, whether within or outside India, on its property, assets or undertakings, whether tangible or otherwise and situated in or outside India, must register the prescribed particulars with the Registrar. The particulars are filed with the instrument, if any, creating the charge and are signed as prescribed by the company and the charge-holder.

For a charge created on or after the commencement regime introduced by the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2019, the normal statutory filing period is 30 days from creation. The Registrar may permit registration within 60 days from creation on payment of the prescribed additional fee. If registration is still not made within that period, the Registrar may, on application, permit registration within a further 60 days on payment of the prescribed ad valorem fee.

Section 78 - Filing by charge-holder: If the company fails to register a charge within the initial period referred to in Section 77(1), the person in whose favour the charge is created may apply to the Registrar for registration. The statutory mechanism protects a charge-holder from being wholly dependent on the company for the filing.

Section 79: The registration provisions also apply, so far as may be, where a company acquires property subject to a charge and where the terms, conditions or extent or operation of a registered charge are modified.

Section 82 - Satisfaction of charge: When a registered charge is paid or satisfied in full, intimation is ordinarily required within 30 days. On application by the company or charge-holder, the Registrar may allow the intimation to be made within 300 days of payment or satisfaction on payment of the prescribed additional fee.

Principal ROC forms relating to charges

Form	Purpose	Main legal reference
CHG-1	Registration of creation or modification of a charge other than a charge relating to debentures. The current MCA webform also covers specified particulars relating to modification by an Asset Reconstruction Company under SARFAESI.	Sections 77, 78 and 79; Rule 3 of the Companies (Registration of Charges) Rules, 2014.
CHG-4	Particulars of satisfaction of a registered charge when the debt secured by the charge has been paid or satisfied in full.	Section 82(1); Rule 8.
CHG-6	Notice of appointment or cessation of a receiver or manager in relation to property subject to a charge.	Section 84; Rule 9.
CHG-8	Application to the Central Government for extension of time for filing particulars of satisfaction of charge or for rectification of an omission or misstatement relating to creation, modification or satisfaction of a charge.	Section 87; Rule 12.
CHG-9	Registration of creation or modification of a charge relating to debentures, including rectification of particulars filed in respect of creation or modification of such charge.	Sections 71(3), 77, 78 and 79; Rules 3 and 13.

Form CHG-1 - creation or modification of charge

CHG-1 is the principal form for a charge that is not related to debentures. It is used for registration of creation or modification of the charge. The filing should contain the prescribed particulars and supporting instrument or document, where applicable.

The MCA instruction kit should be checked before filing because the webform contains validation rules, digital signature requirements and document requirements that can change with portal updates.

Form CHG-9 - charge relating to debentures

CHG-9 is used where the creation or modification of charge relates to debentures. The MCA instruction kit states that the form is governed by Sections 71(3), 77, 78 and 79 and Rules 3 and 13. It may also be used for the prescribed rectification of particulars previously filed in respect of creation or modification of a debenture charge.

Form CHG-4 - satisfaction of charge

After the secured liability has been paid or satisfied in full, the company should report satisfaction through CHG-4. Section 82 provides the statutory framework. Filing within the normal 30-day period avoids the need for the extended-time mechanism and additional fee.

Form CHG-6 - receiver or manager

Section 84 deals with appointment of a receiver or a person to manage property subject to a charge. Notice of appointment is required within 30 days of the order or appointment. CHG-6 is also used for notice of cessation of the receiver or manager.

Form CHG-8 - extension or rectification

Section 87 permits the Central Government, in the circumstances specified by the section, to extend time for intimation of payment or satisfaction or to direct rectification of an omission or misstatement in a charge-related filing. CHG-8 is the relevant application form for this purpose.

Documents commonly required for a charge filing

The exact attachments depend on the form, nature of transaction and current MCA webform requirements. Depending on the case, the filing may require the instrument creating or modifying the charge, documents evidencing the transaction, particulars of the charged property or assets, details of the charge-holder and appropriate authorisation and digital signatures.

Identify whether the security is a debenture charge or a non-debenture charge.
Confirm the date of creation or modification because statutory filing periods run from that date.
Use the correct charge identification number for modification or satisfaction of an existing registered charge.
Check whether the instrument covers property in India, outside India, or both, and comply with the applicable verification requirements.
Use the latest MCA webform and instruction kit available on the MCA portal before submission.

Important: Form SH-7 and Form GNL-3 appeared in the earlier page, but they are not principal forms for registration, modification or satisfaction of charges under Chapter VI. They have therefore not been presented as charge-registration forms in this updated article.

Effect of non-registration and penalties

Section 77 gives registration substantive importance. Subject to the statutory provisions, an unregistered charge is not taken into account by the liquidator or another creditor in the manner stated in Section 77(3), although the underlying contract or obligation to repay the secured money is not prejudiced by that provision.

Section 86 provides penalties for default in complying with Chapter VI. The company may be liable to a penalty of Rs. 5 lakh and every officer in default to a penalty of Rs. 50,000. A person who wilfully furnishes false or incorrect information, or knowingly suppresses material information required to be registered under Section 77, may face action under Section 447.

Official resources

For current filing requirements, fees, portal validations and webform versions, use the official Ministry of Corporate Affairs resources. The statutory text should also be checked against the current Companies Act and amendments before filing.

This article is a general guide to the charge-filing framework. The applicable form, fee, attachment and approval route should be verified from the current MCA portal for the particular transaction.