Section 272 of CRPC "Language of Courts"
The State Government may determine what shall be, for purposes of this Code, the language of each Court within the State other than the High Court.
Section 273 of CRPC "Evidence to be taken in presence of accused"
Except as otherwise expressly provided, all evidence taken in the course of the trial or other proceeding shall be taken in the presence of the accused, or, when his personal attendance is dispensed with, in the presence of his pleader:
1[Provided that where the evidence of a woman below the age of eighteen years who is alleged to have been subjected to rape or any other sexual offence, is to be recorded, the court may take appropriate measures to ensure that such woman is not confronted by the accused while at the same time ensuring the right of cross-examination of the accused.]
Explanation.- In this section, "accused" includes a person in relation to whom any proceeding under Chapter VIII has been commenced under this Code.
STATE AMENDMENT
Gujarat
In the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (hereinafter referred to as "the
principal Act"), in section 273, after the words "in the presence of his
pleader", the words "or, as the case may be, through the medium of
Electronic Video Linkage when the court on its own motion or on an
application so directs in the interests of justice" shall be added.
[Vide Gujarat Act 31 of 2017, sec. 2.]
Jharkhand
Amendment of Section 273.--In section 273 of Code of Criminal Procedure,
1973, in its application to the State of Jharkhand:-
(i) After the words "All evidence taken in the course of the trial or other proceeding shall be taken in the presence of the accused," the word "either in person or through the medium of electronic video linkage" shall be inserted.
[Vide Jharkhand Act 2 of 2016, s. 3]
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1. Proviso ins. by Act 13 of 2013, s. 20 (w.e.f. 3-2-2013).
Section 274 of CRPC "Record in summons-cases and inquiries"
(1) In all summons-cases tried before a Magistrate, in all
inquiries under Sections 145 to 148 (both inclusive), and in
all proceedings under Section 446 otherwise than in the
course of a trial, the Magistrate shall, as the examination
of each witness proceeds, make a memorandum of the substance
of his evidence in the language of the Court:
Provided that if the Magistrate is unable to make such
memorandum himself, he shall, after recording the reason of
his inability, cause such memorandum to be made in writing
or from his dictation in open Court.
(2) Such memorandum shall be signed by the Magistrate and
shall form part of the record.
Section 275 of CRPC "Record in warrant-cases"
(1) In all warrant-cases tried before a Magistrate, the evidence of each witness shall, as his examination proceeds, be taken down in writing either by the Magistrate himself or by his dictation in open Court or, where he is unable to do so owing to a physical or other incapacity, under his direction and superintendence, by an officer of the Court appointed by him in this behalf:
1[Provided that evidence of a witness under this sub-section may also be recorded by audio-video electronic means in the presence of the advocate of the person accused of the offence.]
(2) Where the Magistrate causes the evidence to be taken down, he shall record a certificate that the evidence could not be taken down by himself for the reasons referred to in sub-section (1).
(3) Such evidence shall ordinarily be taken down in the form of a narrative; but the Magistrate may, in his discretion take down, or cause to be taken down, any part of such evidence in the form of question and answer.
(4) The evidence so taken down shall be signed by the Magistrate and shall form part of the record.
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1. Ins. by Act 5 of 2009, s. 20 (w.e.f. 31-12-2009)
EVIDENCE IN INQUIRIES AND TRIALS
Commissions for Examination of Witnesses