Power to suspend or remit sentences and Power to commute sentence are defined under Section 432 and 433 of CRPC 1973. Provisions under these sections are:
Section 432 of CRPC "Power to suspend or remit sentences"
(1) When any person has been sentenced to punishment for an offence, the appropriate Government may, at any time, without conditions or upon any conditions which the person sentenced accepts, suspend the execution of his sentence or remit the whole or any part of the punishment to which he has been sentenced.
(2) Whenever an application is made to the appropriate Government for the suspension or remission of a sentence, the appropriate Government may require the presiding Judge of the Court before or by which the conviction was had or confirmed, to state his opinion as to whether the application should be granted or refused, together with his reasons for such opinion and also to forward with the statement of such opinion a certified copy of the record of the trial or of such record thereof as exists.
(3) If any
condition on which a sentence has been suspended or remitted is,
in the opinion of the appropriate Government, not fulfilled, the
appropriate Government may, cancel the suspension or remission,
and thereupon the person in whose favour the sentence has been
suspended or remitted may, if at large, be arrested by any
police officer, without warrant and remanded to undergo the
unexpired portion of the sentence.
(4) The condition on which a sentence is suspended or
remitted under this section may be one to be fulfilled by the
person in whose favour the sentence is suspended or remitted, or
one independent of his will.
(5) The appropriate Government may, by general rules or
special orders, give directions as to the suspension of
sentences and the conditions on which petitions should be
presented and dealt with:
Provided that in the case of any sentence (other than a
sentence of fine) passed on a male person above the age of
eighteen years, no such petition by the person sentenced or by
any other person on his behalf shall be entertained, unless the
person sentenced is in jail, and --
(a) where such petition is made by the person sentenced, it
is presented through the officer in charge of
the jail; or
(b) where such petition is made by any other person, it
contains a declaration that the person sentenced is
in jail.
(6) The provisions of the above sub-sections shall also
apply to any order passed by a Criminal Court under any section
of this Code or of any other law, which restricts the liberty of
any person or imposes any liability upon him or his property.
(7) In this section and in Section 433, the expression
"appropriate Government" means,--
(a) in cases where the sentence is for an offence against,
or the order referred to in sub-section (6) is
passed under, any law relating to a matter to which the
executive power of the Union extends, the Central
Government;
(b) in other cases, the Government of the State within which
the offender is sentenced or the said order is passed.
Section 433 of CRPC "Power to commute sentence"
The appropriate Government may, without the consent of
the person sentenced, commute --
(a) a sentence of death, for any other punishment provided
by the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860);
(b) a sentence of imprisonment for life, for imprisonment
for a term not exceeding fourteen years or for fine;
(c) a sentence of rigorous imprisonment, for simple
imprisonment for any term to which that person might have
been sentenced, or for fine;
(d) a sentence of simple imprisonment, or fine.
EXECUTION, SUSPENSION, REMISSION AND COMMUTATION OF SENTENCES
Levy of fine
General provisions regarding execution
Suspension, remission and commutation of sentences