Article 323A of Constitution of India "Administrative tribunals"
Parliament may, by law, provide for the adjudication or
trial by administrative tribunals of disputes and complaints
with respect to recruitment and conditions of service of
persons appointed to public services and posts in connection
with the affairs of the Union or of any State or of any
local or other authority within the territory of India or
under the control of the Government of India or of any
corporation owned or controlled by the Government.
(2) A law made under clause (1) may-
(a) provide for the establishment of an administrative
tribunal for the Union and a separate administrative
tribunal for each State or for two or more States;
(b) specify the jurisdiction, powers (including the power to
punish for contempt) and authority which may be exercised by
each of the said tribunals;
(3) provide for the procedure (including provisions as to
limitation and rules of evidence) to be followed by the said
tribunals;
(d) exclude the jurisdiction of all courts, except the
jurisdiction of the Supreme Court under Article 136, with
respect to the disputes or complaints referred to in clause
(1);
(e) provide for the transfer to each such administrative
tribunal of any cases pending before any court or other
authority immediately before the establishment of such
tribunal as would have been within the jurisdiction of such
tribunal if the cause of action on which such suits or
proceedings are based had arisen after such establishment;
(f) repeal or amend any order made by the President under
clause (3) of Article 371D;
(g) contain such supplemental, incidental and consequential
provisions (including provisions as to fees) as Parliament
may deem necessary for the effective functioning of, and for
the speedy disposal of cases by, and the enforcement of the
orders of, such tribunals.
(3) The provisions of this Article shall have effect
notwithstanding anything in any other provision of this
Constitution or in any other law for the time being in
force.
Article 323B of Constitution of India "Tribunals for other matters"
(1) The appropriate Legislature
may, by law, provide for the adjudication or trial by
tribunals of any disputes, complaints, or offences with
respect to all or any of the matters specified in clause (2)
with respect to which such Legislature has power to make
laws.
(2) The matters referred to in clause (1) are the following,
namely:-
(a) levy, assessment, collection and enforcement of any tax;
(b) foreign exchange, import and export across customs
frontiers;
(c) industrial and labour disputes;
(d) land reforms by way of acquisition by the State of any
estate as defined in Article 31A or of any rights therein or
the extinguishment or modification of any such rights or by
way of ceiling on agricultural land or in any other way;
(e) ceiling on urban property;
(f) elections to either House of Parliament or the House or
either House of the Legislature of a State, but excluding
the matters referred to in Article 329 and Article 329A;
(g) production, procurement, supply and distribution of
foodstuffs (including edible oilseeds and oils) and such
other goods as the President may, by public notification,
declare to be essential goods for the purpose of this
Article and control of prices of such goods;
(h) offences against laws with respect to any of the matters
specified in sub-clause (a) to (g) and fees in respect of
any of those matters;
(i) any matter incidental to any of the matters specified in
sub-clause (a) to (h).
(3) A law made under clause (1) may-
(a) provide for the establishment of a hierarchy of
tribunals;
(b) specify the jurisdiction, powers (including the power to
punish for contempt) and authority which may be exercised by
each of the said tribunals;
(c) provide for the procedure (including provisions as to
limitation and rules of evidence) to be followed by the said
tribunals;
(d) exclude the jurisdiction of all courts except the
jurisdiction of the Supreme Court under Article 136 with
respect to all or any of the matters falling within the
jurisdiction of the said tribunals;
(e) provide for the transfer to each such tribunal of any
cases pending before any court or any other authority
immediately before the establishment of such tribunal as
would have been within the jurisdiction of such tribunal if
the causes of action on which such suits or proceedings are
based had arisen after such establishment;
(f) contain such supplemental, incidental and consequential
provisions (including provisions as to fees) as the
appropriate Legislature may deem necessary for the effective
functioning of, and for the speedy disposal of cases by, and
the enforcement of the orders of, such tribunals.
(4) The provisions of this Article shall have effect
notwithstanding anything in any other provision of this
Constitution or in any other law for the time being in
force.
Explanation.- In this Article, "appropriate Legislature", in
relation to any matter, means Parliament or, as the case may
be, a State Legislature competent to make laws with respect
to such matter in accordance with the provisions of Part XI.