1. Defense of India and every
part thereof including preparation for defense and all such
acts as may be conducive in times of war to its prosecution
and after its termination of effective demobilization.
2. Naval, military and air forces; any other armed forces of
the Union.
2A. Deployment of any armed force of the Union or any other
force subject to the control of the Union or any contingent
or unit thereof in any State in aid of the civil power;
powers, jurisdiction, privileges and liabilities of the
members of such forces while on such deployment.
3. Delimitation of cantonment areas, local self-government
in such areas, the constitution and powers within such areas
of cantonment authorities and the regulation of house
accommodation (including the control of rents) in such
areas.
4. Naval, military and air force works.
5. Arms, firearms, ammunition and explosives.
6. Atomic energy and mineral resources necessary for its
production.
7. Industries declared by Parliament by law to be necessary
for the purpose of defense or for the prosecution of war.
8. Central Bureau of Intelligence and Investigation.
9. Preventive detention for reasons connected with Defense,
Foreign Affairs, or the security of India; persons subjected
to such detention.
10. Foreign affairs; all matters which bring the Union into
relation with any foreign country.
11. Diplomatic, consular and trade representation.
12. United Nations Organization.
13. Participation in international conferences, associations
and other bodies and implementing of decisions made thereat.
14. Entering into treaties and agreements with foreign
countries and implementing of treaties, agreements and
conventions with foreign countries.
15. War and peace.
16. Foreign jurisdiction.
17. Citizenship, naturalization and aliens.
18. Extradition.
19. Admission into, and emigration and expulsion from,
India; passports and visas.
20. Pilgrimages to places outside India.
21. Piracies and crimes committed on the high seas or in the
air; offences against the law of nations committed on land
or the high seas or in the air.
22. Railways.
23. Highways declared by or under law made by Parliament to
be national highways.
24. Shipping and navigation on inland waterways, declared by
Parliament by law to be national waterways, as regards
mechanically propelled vessels; the rule of the road on such
waterways.
25. Maritime shipping and navigation, including shipping and
navigation on tidal waters; provision of education and
training for the mercantile marine and regulation of such
education and training provided by States and other
agencies.
26. Lighthouses, including lightships, beacons and other
provisions for the safety of shipping and aircraft.
27. Ports declared by or under law made by Parliament or
existing law to be major ports, including their delimitation
and the constitution and powers of port authorities therein.
28. Port quarantine, including hospitals connected
therewith; seamen's and marine hospitals.
29. Airways; aircraft and air navigation; provision of
aerodromes; regulation and organization of air traffic and
of aerodromes; provision for aeronautical education and
training and regulation of such education and training
provided by States and other agencies.
30. Carriage of passengers and goods by railway, sea or air,
or by national waterways in mechanically propelled vessels.
31. Posts and telegraphs; telephones, wireless, broadcasting
and other like forms of communication.
32. Property of the Union and the revenue there from, but as
regards property situated in a State *** subject to
legislation by the State, save in so far as Parliament by
law otherwise provides.
***
34. Courts of wards for the estates of Rulers of Indian
States.
35. Public debt of the Union.
36. Currency, coinage and legal tender; foreign exchange.
37. Foreign loans.
38. Reserve Bank of India.
39. Post Office Savings Bank.
40. Lotteries organized by the Government of India or the
Government of a State.
41. Trade and commerce with foreign countries; import and
export across customs frontiers; definition of customs
frontiers.
42. Inter-State trade and commerce.
43. Incorporation, regulation and winding up of trading
corporations, including banking, insurance and financial
corporations but not including co-operative societies.
44. Incorporation, regulation and winding up of
corporations, whether trading or not, with objects not
confined to one State, but not including universities.
45. Banking.
46. Bills of exchange, cheques, promissory notes and other
like instruments.
47. Insurance.
48. Stock exchanges and futures markets.
49. Patents, inventions and designs; copyright; trade-marks
and merchandise marks.
50. Establishment of standards of weight and measure.
51. Establishment of standards of quality for goods to be
exported out of India or transported from one State to
another.
52. Industries, the control of which by the Union is
declared by Parliament by law to be expedient in the public
interest.
53. Regulation and development of oil fields and mineral oil
resources; petroleum and petroleum products; other liquids
and substances declared by Parliament by law to be
dangerously inflammable.
54. Regulation of mines and mineral development to the
extent to which such regulation and development under the
control of the Union is declared by Parliament by law to be
expedient in the public interest.
55. Regulation of labor and safety in mines and oilfields.
56. Regulation and development of inter-State rivers and
river valleys to the extent to which such regulation and
development under the control of the Union is declared by
Parliament by law to be expedient in the public interest.
57. Fishing and fisheries beyond territorial waters.
58. Manufacture, supply and distribution of salt by Union
agencies, regulation and control of manufacture, supply and
distribution of salt by other agencies.
59. Cultivation, manufacture, and sale for export, of opium.
60. Sanctioning of cinematograph films for exhibition.
61. Industrial disputes concerning Union employees.
62. The institutions known at the commencement of this
Constitution as the National Library, the Indian Museum, the
Imperial War Museum, the Victoria Memorial and the Indian
War Memorial, and any other like institution financed by the
Government of India wholly or in part and declared by
Parliament by law to be an institution of national
importance.
63. The institutions known at the commencement of this
Constitution as the Banaras Hindu University, the Aligarh
Muslim University and the Delhi University; the University
established in pursuance of Article 371E; any other
institution declared by Parliament by law to be an
institution of national importance.
64. Institutions for scientific or technical education
financed by the Government of India wholly or in part and
declared by Parliament by law to be institutions of national
importance.
65. Union agencies and institutions for�
(a) professional, vocational or technical training,
including the training of police officers; or
(b) the promotion of special studies or research; or
(c) scientific or technical assistance in the investigation
or detection of crime.
66. Co-ordination and determination of standards in
institutions for higher education or research and scientific
and technical institutions.
67. Ancient and historical monuments and records, and
archaeological sites and remains, declared by or under law
made by Parliament to be of national importance.
68. The Survey of India, the Geological, Botanical,
Zoological and Anthropological Surveys of India;
Meteorological organizations.
69. Census.
70. Union Public Services; All-India Services; Union Public
Service Commission.
71. Union pensions, that is to say, pensions payable by the
Government of India or out of the Consolidated Fund of
India.
72. Elections to Parliament, to the Legislatures of States
and to the offices of President and Vice-President; the
Election Commission.
73. Salaries and allowances of members of Parliament, the
Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Council of States and
the Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People.
74. Powers, privileges and immunities of each House of
Parliament and of the members and the Committees of each
House; enforcement of attendance of persons for giving
evidence or producing documents before committees of
Parliament or commissions appointed by Parliament.
75. Emoluments, allowances, privileges, and rights in
respect of leave of absence, of the President and Governors;
salaries and allowances of the Ministers for the Union; the
salaries, allowances, and rights in respect of leave of
absence and other conditions of service of the Comptroller
and Auditor-General.
76. Audit of the accounts of the Union and of the States.
77. Constitution, organization, jurisdiction and powers of
the Supreme Court (including contempt of such Court), and
the fees taken therein; persons entitled to practice before
the Supreme Court.
78. Constitution and Organization (including vacations) .of
the High Courts except provisions as to officers and
servants of High Courts; persons entitled to practice before
the High Courts.
79. Extension of the jurisdiction of a High Court to, and
exclusion of the jurisdiction of a High Court from, any
Union territory.
80. Extension of the powers and jurisdiction of members of a
police force belonging to any State to any area outside that
State, but not so as to enable the police of one State to
exercise powers and jurisdiction in any area outside that
State without the consent of the Government of the State in
which such area is situated; extension of the powers and
jurisdiction of members of a police force belonging to any
State to railway areas outside that State.
81. Inter-State migration; inter-State quarantine.
82. Taxes on income other than agricultural income.
83. Duties of customs including export duties.
84. Duties of excise on tobacco and other goods manufactured
or produced in India except�
(a) alcoholic liquors for human consumption.
(b) opium, Indian hemp and other narcotic drugs and
narcotics, but including medicinal and toilet preparations
containing alcohol or any substance included in
sub-paragraph (b) of this entry.
85. Corporation tax.
86. Taxes on the capital value of the assets, exclusive of
agricultural land, of individuals and companies; taxes on
the capital of companies.
87. Estate duty in respect of property other than
agricultural land.
88. Duties in respect of succession to property other than
agricultural land.
89. Terminal taxes on goods or passengers, carried by
railway, sea or air; taxes on railway fares and freights.
90. Taxes other than stamp duties on transactions in stock
exchanges and futures markets.
91. Rates of stamp duty in respect of bills of exchange,
cheques, promissory notes, bills of lading, letters of
credit, policies of insurance, transfer of shares,
debentures, proxies and receipts.
92. Taxes on the sale or purchase of newspapers and on
advertisements published therein.
92A. Taxes on the sale or purchase of goods other than
newspapers, where such sale or purchase takes place in the
course of inter-State trade or commerce.
92B. Taxes on the consignment of goods (whether the
consignment is to the person making it or to any other
person), where such consignment takes place in the course of
inter-State trade or commerce.
93. Offences against laws with respect to any of the matters
in this List.
94. Inquiries, surveys and statistics for the purpose of any
of the matters in this List.
95. Jurisdiction and powers of all courts, except the
Supreme Court, with respect to any of the matters in this
List; admiralty jurisdiction.
96. Fees in respect of any of the matters in this List, but
not including fees taken in any court.
97. Any other matter not enumerated in List II or List III
including any tax not mentioned in either of those Lists.
1. Public order (but not including the use of any naval,
military or Air force or any other armed force of the Union
or of any other force subject to the control of the Union or
of any contingent or unit thereof in aid of the civil
power).
2. Police (including railway and village police) subject to
the provisions of entry 2A of List I.
3. *** Officers and servants of the High Court; procedure in
rent and revenue courts; fees taken in all courts except the
Supreme Court.
4. Prisons, reformatories, Borstal institutions and other
institutions of a like nature, and persons detained therein;
arrangements with other States for the use of prisons and
other institutions.
5. Local government, that is to say, the constitution and
powers of municipal corporations, improvement trusts,
district boards, mining settlement authorities and other
local authorities for the purpose of local self-government
or village administration.
6. Public health and sanitation; hospitals and dispensaries.
7. Pilgrimages, other than pilgrimages to places outside
India.
8. Intoxicating liquors, that is to say, the production,
manufacture, possession, transport, purchase and sale of
intoxicating liquors.
9. Relief of the disabled and unemployable.
10. Burials and burial grounds; cremations and cremation
grounds.
***
12. Libraries, museums and other similar institutions
controlled or financed by the State; ancient and historical
monuments and records other than those declared by or under
law made by Parliament to be of national importance.
13. Communications, that is to say, roads, bridges, ferries,
and other means of communication not specified in List I;
municipal tramways; ropeways; inland waterways and traffic
thereon subject to the provisions of List I and List III
with regard to such waterways; vehicles other than
mechanically propelled vehicles.
14. Agriculture, including agricultural education and
research, protection against pests and prevention of plant
diseases.
15. Preservation, protection and improvement of stock and
prevention of animal diseases; veterinary training and
practice.
16. Pounds and the prevention of cattle trespass.
17. Water, that is to say, water supplies, irrigation and
canals, drainage and embankments, water storage and water
power subject to the provisions of entry 56 of List I.
18. Land, that is to say, right in or over land, land
tenures including the relation of landlord and tenant, and
the collection of rents; transfer and alienation of
agricultural land; land improvement and agricultural loans;
colonization.
***
21. Fisheries.
22. Courts of wards subject to the provisions of entry 34 of
List I; encumbered and attached estates.
23. Regulation of mines and mineral development subject to
the provisions of List I with respect to regulation and
development under the control of the Union.
24. Industries subject to the provisions of entries 7 and 52
of List I.
25. Gas and gas-works.
26. Trade and commerce within the State subject to the
provisions of entry 33 of List III.
27. Production, supply and distribution of goods subject to
the provisions of entry 33 of List III.
28. Markets and fairs.
***
30. Money-lending and money-lenders; relief of agricultural
indebtedness.
31. Inns and inn-keepers.
32. Incorporation, regulation and winding up of corporation,
other than those specified in List I, and universities;
unincorporated trading, literacy, scientific, religious and
other societies and associations; co-operative societies.
33. Theaters and dramatic performances; cinemas subject to
the provisions of entry 60 of List 1; sports, entertainments
and amusements.
34. Betting and gambling.
35. Works, lands and buildings vested in or in the
possession of the State.
***
37. Elections to the Legislature of the State subject to the
provisions of any law made by Parliament.
38. Salaries and allowances of members of the Legislature of
the State, of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the
Legislative Assembly and, if there is a Legislative Council,
of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman thereof.
39. Powers, privileges and immunities of the Legislative
Assembly and of the members and the committees thereof, and,
if there is a Legislative Council, of that Council and of
the members and the committees thereof; enforcement of
attendance of persons for giving evidence or producing
documents before committees of the Legislature of the State.
40. Salaries and allowances of Ministers for the State.
41. State public services; State Public Service Commission.
42. State pensions, that is to say, pensions payable by the
State or out of the Consolidated Fund of the State.
43. Public debt of the State.
44. Treasure trove.
45. Land revenue, including the assessment and collection of
revenue, the maintenance of land records, survey for revenue
purposes and records of rights, and alienation of revenues.
46. Taxes on agricultural income.
47. Duties in respect of succession to agricultural land.
48. Estate duty in respect of agricultural land.
49. Taxes on lands and buildings.
50. Taxes on mineral rights subject to any limitations
imposed by Parliament by law relating to mineral
development.
51. Duties of excise on the following goods manufactured or
produced in the State and countervailing duties at the same
or lower rates on similar goods manufactured or produced
elsewhere in India:�
(a) alcoholic liquors for human consumption;
(b) opium, Indian hemp and other narcotic drugs and
narcotics; but not including medicinal and toilet
preparations containing alcohol or any substance included in
sub-paragraph (b) of this entry.
52. Taxes on the entry of goods into a local area for
consumption, use or sale therein.
53. Taxes on the consumption or sale of electricity.
54. Taxes on the sale or purchase of goods other than
newspapers, subject to the provisions of entry 92A of List
I.
55. Taxes on advertisements other than advertisements
published in the newspapers and advertisements broadcast by
radio or television.
56. Taxes on goods and passengers carried by road or on
inland waterways.
57. Taxes on vehicles, whether mechanically propelled or
not, suitable for use on roads, including tramcars subject
to the provisions of entry 35 of List III.
58. Taxes on animals and boats.
59. Tolls.
60. Taxes on professions, trades, callings and employments.
61. Captivation taxes.
62. Taxes on luxuries, including taxes on entertainments,
amusements, betting and gambling.
63. Rates of stamp duty in respect of documents other than
those specified in the provisions of List I with regard to
rates of stamp duty.
64. Offences against laws with respect to any of the matters
in this List.
65. Jurisdiction and powers of all courts, except the
Supreme Court, with respect to any of the matters in this
List.
66. Fees in respect of any of the matters in this List, but
not including fees taken in any court.
1. Criminal law, including all matters included in the
Indian Penal Code at the commencement of this Constitution
but excluding offences against laws with respect to any of
the matters specified in List I or List II and excluding the
use of naval, military or air forces or any other armed
forces of the Union in aid of the civil power.
2. Criminal procedure, including all matters included in the
Code of Criminal Procedure at the commencement of this
Constitution.
3. Preventive detention for reasons connected with the
security of a State, the maintenance of public order, or the
maintenance of supplies and services essential to the
community; persons subjected to such detention.
4. Removal from one State to another State of prisoners,
accused persons and persons subjected to preventive
detention for reasons specified in entry 3 of this List.
5. Marriage and divorce; infants and minors; adoption;
wills, intestacy and succession; joint family and partition;
all matters in respect of which parties in judicial
proceedings were immediately before the commencement of this
Constitution subject to their personal law.
6. Transfer of property other than agricultural land;
registration of deeds and documents.
7. Contracts, including partnership, agency, contracts of
carriage, and other special forms of contracts, but not
including contracts relating to agricultural land.
8. Actionable wrongs.
9. Bankruptcy and insolvency.
10. Trust and Trustees.
11. Administrators-general and official trustees.
11A. Administration of justice; constitution and
organization of all courts, except the Supreme Court and the
High Courts.
12. Evidence and oaths; recognition of laws, public acts and
records, and judicial proceedings.
13. Civil procedure, including all matters included in the
Code of Civil Procedure at the commencement of this
Constitution, limitation and arbitration.
14. Contempt of court, but not including contempt of the
Supreme Court.
15. Vagrancy; nomadic and migratory tribes.
16. Lunacy and mental deficiency, including places for the
reception or treatment of lunatics and mental deficients.
17. Prevention of cruelty to animals.
17A. Forests.
17B. Protection of wild animals and birds.
18. Adulteration of foodstuffs and other goods.
19. Drugs and poisons, subject to the provisions of entry 59
of List I with respect to opium.
20. Economic and social planning.
20A. Population control and family planning.
21. Commercial and industrial monopolies, combines and
trusts.
22. Trade unions; industrial and labor disputes.
23. Social security and social insurance; employment and
unemployment.
24. Welfare of labor including conditions of work, provident
funds, employers' liability, workmen's compensation,
invalidity and old age pensions and maternity benefits.
25. Education, including technical education, medical
education and universities, subject to the provisions of
entries 63, 64, 65 and 66 of List I; vocational and
technical training of labor.
26. Legal, medical and other professions.
27. Relief and rehabilitation of persons displaced from
their original place of residence by reason of the setting
up of the Dominions of India and Pakistan.
28. Charities and charitable institutions, charitable and
religious endowments and religious institutions.
29. Prevention of the extension from one State to another of
infectious or contagious diseases or pests affecting men,
animals or plants.
30. Vital statistics including registration of births and
deaths.
31. Ports other than those declared by or under law made by
Parliament or existing law to be major ports.
32. Shipping and navigation on inland waterways as regards
mechanically propelled vessels, and the rule of the road on
such waterways, and the carriage of passengers and goods on
inland waterways subject to the provisions of List I with
respect to national waterways.
33. Trade and commerce in, and the production, supply and
distribution of,�
(a) the products of any industry where the control of such
industry by the Union is declared by Parliament by law to be
expedient in the public interest, and imported goods of the
same kind as such products;
(b) foodstuffs, including edible oilseeds and oils;
(c) cattle fodder, including oilcakes and other
concentrates;
(d) raw cotton, whether ginned or unginned, and cotton seed;
an
(e) raw jute.
33A. Weights and measures except establishment of standards.
34. Price control.
35. Mechanically propelled vehicles including the principles
on which taxes on such vehicles are to be levied.
36. Factories.
37. Boilers.
38. Electricity.
39. Newspapers, books and printing presses.
40. Archaeological sites and remains other than those
declared by or under law made by Parliament to be of
national importance.
41. Custody, management and disposal of property (including
agricultural land) declared by law to be evacuee property.
42. Acquisition and requisitioning of property.
43. Recovery in a State of claims in respect of taxes and
other public demands, including arrears of land-revenue and
sums recoverable as such arrears, arising outside that
State.
44. Stamp duties other than duties or fees collected by
means of judicial stamps, but not including rates of stamp
duty.
45. Inquiries and statistics for the purposes of any of the
matters specified in List II or List III.
46. Jurisdiction and powers of all courts, except the
Supreme Court, with respect to any of the matters in this
List.
47. Fees in respect of any of the matters in this List, but
not including fees taken in any court.
First Schedule of Constitution of India 1949 - States and Union Territories - Article 1 and 4
Third Schedule of Constitution of India 1949 - Form of oath or affirmations
Fourth Schedule of Constitution of India 1949 - Allocation of seats in the council of states
Seventh Schedule of Constitution of India 1949 - Union List, State List and Concurrent List
Eighth Schedule of Constitution of India 1949 - List of Languages