What is the Law of place of payment governs dishonour? What is Instrument made, etc., out of India, but in accordance with the law of India? Law of place of payment governs dishonour and Instrument made, etc., out of India, but in accordance with the law of India are defined under Section 135 and 136 of Negotiable Instruments Act 1881
Where a promissory note, bill of exchange or cheque is made payable in a different place from that in which it is made or indorsed, the law of the place where it is made payable determines what constitutes dishonour and what notice of dishonour is sufficient.
Illustration
A bill of exchange drawn and indorsed in 1[India], but accepted
payable in France, is dishonoured. The indorsee causes it to be
protested for such dishonour, and gives notice thereof in
accordance with the law of France, though not in accordance with
the rules herein contained in respect of bills which are not
foreign. The notice is sufficient.
If a negotiable instrument is made, drawn, accepted or indorsed outside India, but in accordance with the law of India, the circumstances that any agreement evidenced by such instrument is invalid according to the law of the country wherein it was entered into does not invalidate any subsequent acceptance or indorsement made thereon within India.
The law of any foreign country regarding promissory notes, bills of exchange and cheques shall be presumed to be the same as that of India, unless and until the contrary is proved.
Negotiable Instruments Act 1881
Section 121 - Estoppel against denying capacity of payee to indorse
Section 122 - Estoppel against denying signature or capacity of prior party
CHAPTER XIV OF CROSSED CHEQUES
Section 123 - Cheque crossed generally
Section 124 - Cheque crossed specially
Section 125 - Crossing after issue
Section 126 - Payment of cheque crossed generally
Section 127 - Payment of cheque crossed specially more than once
Section 128 - Payment in due course of crossed cheque
Section 129 - Payment of crossed cheque out of due course
Section 130 - Cheque bearing not negotiable
Section 131 - Non-liability of banker receiving payment of cheque
Section 131A - Application of Chapter to drafts
CHAPTER XV OF BILLS IN SETS
Section 133 - Holder of first acquired part entitled to all
CHAPTER XVI OF INTERNATIONAL LAW
Section 134 - Law governing liability of maker, acceptor or indorser of foreign instrument
Section 135 - Law of place of payment governs dishonour
Section 136 - Instrument made, etc., out of India, but in accordance with the law of India
Section 137 - Presumption as to Foreign Law
CHAPTER XVII OF PENALTIES IN CASE OF DISHONOUR OF CERTAIN CHEQUES FOR INSUFFICIENCY OF FUNDS IN THE ACCOUNTS
Section 138 - Dishonour of cheque for insufficiency, etc., of funds in the account
Section 139 - Presumption in favour of holder
Section 140 - Defence which may not be allowed in any prosecution under section 138
Section 141 - Offences by companies
Section 142 - Cognizance of offences
Section 143 - Power of Court to try cases summarily
Section 144 - Mode of service of summons
Section 145 - Evidence on affidavit
Section 146 - Bank's slip prima facie evidence of certain facts