Application for Compounding of Offence: Section 359 BNSS and Section 320 CrPC Format

A practical court format for compounding or compromising a compoundable criminal offence, with updated guidance under the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 and transitional guidance for proceedings that continue under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.

Older pending proceedings: Section 531 BNSS repeals the CrPC but preserves the earlier Code for an appeal, application, trial, inquiry or investigation that was already pending immediately before July 1, 2024. In such cases, Section 320 CrPC may continue to govern the proceeding.

What Does Compounding of an Offence Mean?

Compounding is a statutory process by which the person legally entitled to compound a specified offence agrees to settle the matter with the accused. It is different from a private settlement of an offence that is not compoundable under the statute.

Only offences expressly made compoundable by law can be compounded under Section 359 BNSS. Some may be compounded without permission of the Court, while others require permission from the Court before which the prosecution is pending.

Section 359 BNSS: Compounding of Offences

Section 359(1)

This sub-section lists offences under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 that may be compounded by the persons specified in the statutory table without requiring prior permission of the Court.

Section 359(2)

This sub-section contains another class of compoundable offences that may be compounded only with permission of the Court before which the prosecution is pending.

Section 359(3)

Where an offence is compoundable, the provision also extends in the manner specified by law to abetment, an attempt where such attempt is itself an offence, and specified cases of joint or constructive liability under the BNS.

Section 359(4)

This provision addresses situations where the person competent to compound is a child, is of unsound mind, or has died. The person acting on behalf of such individual may compound only in the manner and with the permission or consent of the Court required by the section.

Section 359(5) and 359(6)

Where an accused has been committed for trial, or has been convicted and an appeal is pending, compounding requires leave of the competent Court. A High Court or Court of Session exercising revisional jurisdiction may also permit compounding where the statutory conditions are satisfied.

Section 359(7) to 359(9)

The section restricts compounding where a previous conviction attracts enhanced or different punishment, provides that lawful compounding has the effect of acquittal, and makes clear that no offence may be compounded except as permitted by the section.

When Is Permission of the Court Required?

The answer depends on the exact offence and the table in Section 359. A party should therefore verify the precise BNS section alleged in the FIR, complaint, charge or summoning order before drafting the application.

Situation General position
Offence listed under Section 359(1) Compoundable by the person specified in the statutory table.
Offence listed under Section 359(2) Requires permission of the Court before which the prosecution is pending.
Accused committed for trial or convicted with appeal pending Leave of the competent Court is required.
Offence not made compoundable by Section 359 or another applicable statute It cannot be compounded merely by private agreement under Section 359.

Effect of Compounding

Where an offence is validly compounded under Section 359 BNSS, the composition has the effect of acquittal of the accused in relation to the offence that has been compounded.

A compromise deed is therefore not by itself sufficient in every case. The parties should ensure that the offence is legally compoundable and, where required, obtain the Court's permission.

Sample Application for Compounding or Compromise of Offence

IN THE COURT OF _______________ JUDGE AT _______________
CRIMINAL CASE / COMPLAINT NO. _________ OF 20__

IN THE MATTER OF:

STATE / COMPLAINANT: __________________________

Complainant

VERSUS

Mr. __________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________

Accused / Applicant

Offence / BNS Sections: __________________________

Police Station: _________________________________

Last Date of Hearing: ___________________________

Next Date of Hearing: ___________________________

Joint application under Section 359 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 for compounding of offence

MOST RESPECTFULLY SHOWETH:

1. That the above-mentioned case is pending before this Hon'ble Court and is presently fixed for __________.

2. That the accused is facing proceedings for the alleged offence(s) under Section(s) __________ of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 / other applicable law.

3. That the case arose from FIR / complaint dated __________ lodged by __________________________.

4. That, with the intervention of family members, mediators and well-wishers, the parties have voluntarily resolved their differences and have arrived at an amicable settlement without force, fraud, pressure or undue influence.

5. That the complainant / person competent to compound the offence has no objection to the lawful compounding of the offence and to the consequential order in favour of the accused.

6. That the compromise deed / settlement executed between the parties is annexed herewith as Annexure A.

7. That the offence is compoundable under Section 359 BNSS and, where required, the parties respectfully seek permission of this Hon'ble Court to compound the offence.

8. That allowing the present application would give effect to the voluntary settlement and serve the interests of justice.

PRAYER

In view of the facts and circumstances stated above, it is most respectfully prayed that this Hon'ble Court may be pleased to:

(a) permit the parties to compound the offence(s), where permission of the Court is required under Section 359 BNSS;

(b) record the lawful compromise / composition between the parties and acquit the accused in respect of the compounded offence(s), in accordance with law; and

(c) pass such other or further order as this Hon'ble Court may deem fit and proper in the interests of justice.

COMPLAINANT / PERSON COMPETENT TO COMPOUND

ACCUSED / APPLICANT

THROUGH COUNSEL

________________ ADVOCATE

Place: __________
Date: __________

Supporting Affidavit Format

IN THE COURT OF _______________ JUDGE AT _______________
CRIMINAL CASE / COMPLAINT NO. _________ OF 20__

IN THE MATTER OF:

______________________________

Complainant

VERSUS

______________________________

Accused

AFFIDAVIT

I, ______________________, aged about ____ years, S/o / D/o / W/o ______________________, resident of ________________________________________, do hereby solemnly affirm and state as under:

1. That I am the __________________ in the above matter and am fully conversant with the facts and circumstances of the case and competent to swear this affidavit.

2. That the accompanying application for compounding of the offence has been prepared under my instructions and its contents are true and correct to my knowledge and belief.

3. That the compromise / settlement has been entered into voluntarily, without coercion, force, fraud, pressure or undue influence.

4. That I have no objection to the lawful compounding of the offence and to the consequential order that may be passed by this Hon'ble Court in accordance with law.

DEPONENT

VERIFICATION

Verified at __________ on this ____ day of __________, 20__, that the contents of the above affidavit are true and correct to my knowledge and belief and that nothing material has been concealed therefrom.

DEPONENT

Drafting and Filing Points

Before filing, confirm the exact penal section stated in the FIR, complaint, charge-sheet, charge or summoning order. The parties should then verify whether that offence appears in the compoundable-offence table under Section 359 BNSS and whether permission of the Court is required.

The compromise deed should clearly identify the case, parties, date of settlement, voluntary nature of the settlement, and the fact that no further dispute remains in relation to the compoundable offence. Where the Court requires the personal appearance of the complainant or injured person to verify the settlement, that person should remain available.

For proceedings already pending immediately before July 1, 2024, the savings clause in Section 531 BNSS should be checked before replacing Section 320 CrPC references. Such proceedings may continue under the CrPC.

Related internal formats include the application for cancellation of bailable warrant, the application for cancellation of non-bailable warrant, and the legal forms download page.

Related Criminal Court Formats

Criminal complaint under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act

Documents to attach with a Section 138 NI Act complaint

Criminal complaint before Magistrate under the earlier CrPC format

Appeal against conviction in a Section 138 NI Act case

Application under Section 145(2) NI Act for cross-examination

Criminal appeal to High Court under the earlier CrPC framework

Criminal revision petition format

Criminal appeal against acquittal under the earlier CrPC framework

Quashing petition under the earlier Section 482 CrPC framework

This page provides a general drafting format and does not replace case-specific legal advice. The precise offence, applicable procedural law and local court practice should be checked before filing.