What is Conversion of indorsement in blank into indorsement in full? What is the Effect of indorsement? Conversion of indorsement in blank into indorsement in full and Effect of indorsement are defined under Section 49 and 50 of Negotiable Instruments Act 1881
The holder of a negotiable instrument indorsed in blank may, without signing his own name, by writing above the indorser's signature a direction to pay to any other person as indorsee, convert the indorsement in blank into an indorsement in full; and the holder does not thereby incur the responsibility of an indorser.
The indorsement of a negotiable instrument followed by delivery transfers to the indorsee the property therein with the right of further negotiation; but the indorsement may, by express words, restrict or exclude such right, or may merely constitute the indorsee an agent to indorse the instrument, or to receive its contents for the indorser, or for some other specified person.
Illustrations
B signs the following indorsements on different negotiable instruments payable to bearer :-
(a) "Pay the contents to C only".
(b) "Pay C for my use."
(c) "Pay C or order for the account of B."
(d) "The within must be credited to C."
These indorsements exclude the right of further negotiation by C.
(e) "Pay C."
(f) "Pay C value in account with the Oriental Bank."
(g) "Pay the contents to C, being part of the consideration in a certain deed of assignment executed by C to the indorser and others."
These indorsements do not exclude the right of further negotiation by C.
Negotiable Instruments Act 1881
Section 41 - Acceptor bound, although, indorsement forged
Section 42 - Acceptance of bill drawn in fictitious name
Section 43 - Negotiable instrument made, etc., without consideration
Section 44 - Partial absence or failure of money-consideration
Section 45 - Partial failure of consideration not consisting of money
Section 45A - Holder's right to duplicate of lost bill
CHAPTER IV OF NEGOTIATION
Section 47 - Negotiation by delivery
Section - 48 Negotiation by indorsement
Section 49 - Conversion of indorsement in blank into indorsement in full
Section 50 - Effect of indorsement
Section 51 - Who may negotiate
Section 52 -Indorser who excludes his own liability or makes it conditional
Section 53 - Holder deriving title from holder in due course
Section 54 - Instrument indorsed in blank
Section 55 - Conversion of indorsement in blank into indorsement in full
Section 56 - Indorsement for part of sum due
Section 57 - Legal representative cannot by delivery only negotiate instrument indorsed by deceased
Section 58 - Instrument obtained by unlawful means or for unlawful consideration
Section 59 - Instrument acquired after dishonour or when overdue
Section 60 - Instrument negotiable till payment or satisfaction