What is the status of Instrument acquired after dishonour or when overdue? What is the meaning of Instrument negotiable till payment or satisfaction? Instrument acquired after dishonour or when overdue and Instrument negotiable till payment or satisfaction are defined under Section 59 and 60 of Negotiable Instruments Act 1881
The holder of a negotiable instrument, who has acquired it after dishonour, whether by non-acceptance or non-payment, with notice thereof, or after maturity, has only, as against the other parties, the rights thereon of his transferor:
Accommodation note or bill.
Provided that any person who, in good faith and for consideration, becomes the holder, after maturity, of a promissory note or bill of exchange made, drawn or accepted without consideration, for the purpose of enabling some party thereto to raise money thereon, may recover the amount of the note or bill from any prior party.
Illustration
The acceptor of a bill of exchange, when he accepted it,
deposited with the drawer certain goods as a collateral security
for the payment of the bill, with power to the drawer to sell
the goods and apply the proceeds in discharge of the bill if it
were not paid at maturity. The bill not having been paid at
maturity, the drawer sold the goods and retained the proceeds,
but indorsed the bill to A. A's title is subject to the same
objection as the drawer's title.
A negotiable instrument may be negotiated (except by the maker, drawee or acceptor after maturity) until payment or satisfaction thereof by the maker, drawee or acceptor at or after maturity, but not after such payment or satisfaction
Negotiable Instruments Act 1881
Section 41 - Acceptor bound, although, indorsement forged
Section 42 - Acceptance of bill drawn in fictitious name
Section 43 - Negotiable instrument made, etc., without consideration
Section 44 - Partial absence or failure of money-consideration
Section 45 - Partial failure of consideration not consisting of money
Section 45A - Holder's right to duplicate of lost bill
CHAPTER IV OF NEGOTIATION
Section 47 - Negotiation by delivery
Section - 48 Negotiation by indorsement
Section 49 - Conversion of indorsement in blank into indorsement in full
Section 50 - Effect of indorsement
Section 51 - Who may negotiate
Section 52 -Indorser who excludes his own liability or makes it conditional
Section 53 - Holder deriving title from holder in due course
Section 54 - Instrument indorsed in blank
Section 55 - Conversion of indorsement in blank into indorsement in full
Section 56 - Indorsement for part of sum due
Section 57 - Legal representative cannot by delivery only negotiate instrument indorsed by deceased
Section 58 - Instrument obtained by unlawful means or for unlawful consideration
Section 59 - Instrument acquired after dishonour or when overdue
Section 60 - Instrument negotiable till payment or satisfaction