Executive

Central Executive

- President

- Vice President

- Attorney General

- Prime Minister

- Council of Ministers

- Comptroller and Auditor General of India

State Executive

- Chief Minister

- Council of Ministers

- Governor

- Advocate General

The Union

Chapter I - The Executive

- President and Vice President

- Council of Ministers

- Attorney General of India

- Conduct of Government Business

Chapter 2 - The Parliament

- General

- Officers of Parliament

- Conduct of Business

- Disqualification of Members

- Powers, Privileges and Immunities of Parliament and its members

- Legislative Procedure

- Procedure in Financial Matters

- Procedure Generally

Chapter 3 - Legislative Powers of Government

Chapter 4 - Union and Judiciary

Chapter 5 - Comptroller and Auditor General of India

Article 52 President of India

Chapter 53 Executive power of the Union

- Supreme Commander of Armed Force

- De Jure head of India (de Jure claim by right)

- 1st Citizen

- Executive Powers of Union

Article 54 Election of President

- Electoral College = (LS+Rs (238) like Irish + Elected MLAs of States + elected MLAs of UT of NCT and UT of Pondicherry - 70th Amendment

Article 55 Manner of Election of President

System of proportional representation (Irish method)

Secret Ballot

Article 56 Term of office of President

5 Years

Resignation to VP. VP to Speaker of LS

Post is held till successor takes charge

Article 57 Eligibility for Re-election

Article 58 Qualification for election as President

(i) Minimum 35 Years

(ii) Indian Citizen

(iii) LS Membership

(iv) Not holding any other office of profit

Article 59 Conditions of Presidents office

(i) No LS or RS membership

(ii) No office of profit

(iii) Emoluments and allowances

(iv) Exception to (iii) in case of Financial emergency

Article 60 Oath

Article 61 Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy.

- VP Welcomes President

- Election within 6 months

- New person gets 5 years term

Article 62 Impeachment

Impeachment motion is initiated if President violates constitution.

Charge is issued by either house say, LS

LS passes this in the form of a Resolution -> 14 days

1/4th members (total) accept the Charges ->

2/3 Majority in LS

RS investigates, President will be allowed to give explanation

RS 2/3rd Majority -> President is impeached from the day it is passed.

Presidents of India

No	Name	From	To
1	Rajendra Prasad	26 January 1950	13 May 1962
2	Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan	13 May 1962	13 May 1967
3	Zakir Husain	13 May 1967	3 May 1969
-	V. V. Giri	3 May 1969	20 July 1969
-	Mohammad Hidayatullah	20 July 1969	24 August 1969
4	V. V. Giri	24 August 1969	24 August 1974
5	Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed	24 August 1974	11 February 1977
-	B. D. Jatti	11 February 1977	25 July 1977
6	Neelam Sanjiva Reddy	25 July 1977	25 July 1982
7	Zail Singh	25 July 1982	25 July 1987
8	Ramaswamy Venkataraman	25 July 1987	25 July 1992
9	Shankar Dayal Sharma	25 July 1992	25 July 1997
10	K. R. Narayanan	25 July 1997	25 July 2002
11	A. P. J. Abdul Kalam	25 July 2002	25 July 2007
12	Pratibha Patil	25 July 2007	25 July 2012
13	Pranab Mukherjee	25 July 2012	25 July 2017
14	Ram Nath Kovind	25 July 2017	25 July 2022
15	Draupadi Murmu	25 July 2022	Current (Till 25 July 2027)

Article 63 The Vice President of India

Article 64 Ex-officio chairman of council of states from the office

Article 65 Vice President to act as President or to discharge his functions during causal vacancies in the office, or during absence of the President.

Vice President to act as President

- Death

- Resignation

- Removal

Article 66 Election of Vice President

- Proportional Representation LS + RS

Qualification

- Age 35

- Indian Citizen

- No office of profit

- Eligible for Rajya Sabha

Article 67 Term of Vice President

- 5 Years

- Resignation to President

- Removal

(i) Resolution in Council of States

(ii) Passed in Council of States

(iii) Cleared in House of Parliament

Article 68 Vacancy in the office of Vice President

- Election immediately

Article 69 Oath

- If President is not available he will appoint someone for oath

List of Vice Presidents of India

No	Name	From	To
1	Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan	13 May 1952	12 May 1957
2	Zakir Husain	13 May 1962	12 May 1967
3	V. V. Giri	13 May 1967	3 May 1969
4	Gopal Swarup Pathak	31 August 1969	30 August 1974
5	B. D. Jatti	31 August 1974	30 August 1979
6	Mohammad Hidayatullah	31 August 1979	30 August 1984
7	Ramaswamy Venkataraman	31 August 1984	24 July 1987
8	Shankar Dayal Sharma	3 September 1987	24 July 1992
9	K. R. Narayanan	21 August 1992	24 July 1997
10	Krishan Kant	21 August 1997	27 July 2002
11	Bhairon Singh Shekhawat	19 August 2002	21 July 2007
12	Mohammad Hamid Ansari	11 August 2007	10 August 2017
13	Venkaiah Naidu	11 August 2017	10 August 2022
14	Jagdeep Dhankhar	11 August 2022	Incumbent

Article 70 Discharge of Presidents functions in other contingencies Parliament may give power to president

Article 71 Matters related to or connected with the election of a President or Vice President - Supreme Court

Article 72 Powers of President to grant pardon etc.

(i) Pardon

- Martial

- Death

- Union Law

(ii) Reprieve

- Temporary stay of execution

(iii) Respite

- Lesser punishment for person with disability

(iv) Commute

- Substituting for lower punishment

(v) Suspend

- Same as pardon

(vi) Remission

- Reduce imprisonment

(vii) Remit

- Same as pardon