Executive

Central Executive

- President

- Vice President

- Attorney General

- Prime Minister

- Council of Ministers

- Comptroller and Auditor General of India

 

State Executive

- Chief Minister

- Council of Ministers

- Governor

- Advocate General

 

The Union

Chapter I - The Executive

- President and Vice President

- Council of Ministers

- Attorney General of India

- Conduct of Government Business

 

Chapter 2 - The Parliament

- General

- Officers of Parliament

- Conduct of Business

- Disqualification of Members

- Powers, Privileges and Immunities of Parliament and its members

- Legislative Procedure

- Procedure in Financial Matters

- Procedure Generally

 

 

Chapter 3 - Legislative Powers of Government

Chapter 4 - Union and Judiciary

Chapter 5 - Comptroller and Auditor General of India

 

Article 52 President of India

Chapter 53 Executive power of the Union

- Supreme Commander of Armed Force

- De Jure head of India (de Jure claim by right)

- 1st Citizen

- Executive Powers of Union

 

Article 54 Election of President

- Electoral College = (LS+Rs (238) like Irish + Elected MLAs of States + elected MLAs of UT of NCT and UT of Pondicherry - 70th Amendment

 

Article 55 Manner of Election of President

System of proportional representation (Irish method)

Secret Ballot

 

Article 56 Term of office of President

5 Years

Resignation to VP. VP to Speaker of LS

Post is held till successor takes charge

 

Article 57 Eligibility for Re-election

Article 58 Qualification for election as President

(i) Minimum 35 Years

(ii) Indian Citizen

(iii) LS Membership

(iv) Not holding any other office of profit

 

Article 59 Conditions of Presidents office

(i) No LS or RS membership

(ii) No office of profit

(iii) Emoluments and allowances

(iv) Exception to (iii) in case of Financial emergency

 

 

 

 

Article 60 Oath

Article 61 Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy.

- VP Welcomes President

- Election within 6 months

- New person gets 5 years term

 

Article 62 Impeachment

Impeachment motion is initiated if President violates constitution.

Charge is issued by either house say, LS

LS passes this in the form of a Resolution -> 14 days

1/4th members (total) accept the Charges ->

2/3 Majority in LS

RS investigates, President will be allowed to give explanation

RS 2/3rd Majority -> President is impeached from the day it is passed.

 

Presidents of India

No Name From To
1 Rajendra Prasad 26 January 1950 13 May 1962
2 Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan 13 May 1962 13 May 1967
3 Zakir Husain 13 May 1967 3 May 1969
- V. V. Giri 3 May 1969 20 July 1969
- Mohammad Hidayatullah 20 July 1969 24 August 1969
4 V. V. Giri 24 August 1969 24 August 1974
5 Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed 24 August 1974 11 February 1977
- B. D. Jatti 11 February 1977 25 July 1977
6 Neelam Sanjiva Reddy 25 July 1977 25 July 1982
7 Zail Singh 25 July 1982 25 July 1987
8 Ramaswamy Venkataraman 25 July 1987 25 July 1992
9 Shankar Dayal Sharma 25 July 1992 25 July 1997
10 K. R. Narayanan 25 July 1997 25 July 2002
11 A. P. J. Abdul Kalam 25 July 2002 25 July 2007
12 Pratibha Patil 25 July 2007 25 July 2012
13 Pranab Mukherjee 25 July 2012 25 July 2017
14 Ram Nath Kovind 25 July 2017 25 July 2022
15 Draupadi Murmu 25 July 2022 Current (Till 25 July 2027)

 

Article 63 The Vice President of India

 

Article 64 Ex-officio chairman of council of states from the office

 

Article 65 Vice President to act as President or to discharge his functions during causal vacancies in the office, or during absence of the President.

Vice President to act as President

- Death

- Resignation

- Removal

 

Article 66 Election of Vice President

- Proportional Representation LS + RS

Qualification

- Age 35

- Indian Citizen

- No office of profit

- Eligible for Rajya Sabha

 

Article 67 Term of Vice President

- 5 Years

- Resignation to President

- Removal

(i) Resolution in Council of States

(ii) Passed in Council of States

(iii) Cleared in House of Parliament

 

Article 68 Vacancy in the office of Vice President

- Election immediately

 

Article 69 Oath

- If President is not available he will appoint someone for oath

 

List of Vice Presidents of India

No Name From To
1 Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan 13 May 1952 12 May 1957
2 Zakir Husain 13 May 1962 12 May 1967
3 V. V. Giri 13 May 1967 3 May 1969
4 Gopal Swarup Pathak 31 August 1969 30 August 1974
5 B. D. Jatti 31 August 1974 30 August 1979
6 Mohammad Hidayatullah 31 August 1979 30 August 1984
7 Ramaswamy Venkataraman 31 August 1984 24 July 1987
8 Shankar Dayal Sharma 3 September 1987 24 July 1992
9 K. R. Narayanan 21 August 1992 24 July 1997
10 Krishan Kant 21 August 1997 27 July 2002
11 Bhairon Singh Shekhawat 19 August 2002 21 July 2007
12 Mohammad Hamid Ansari 11 August 2007 10 August 2017
13 Venkaiah Naidu 11 August 2017 10 August 2022
14 Jagdeep Dhankhar 11 August 2022 Incumbent

 

Article 70 Discharge of Presidents functions in other contingencies Parliament may give power to president

 

Article 71 Matters related to or connected with the election of a President or Vice President - Supreme Court

 

Article 72 Powers of President to grant pardon etc.

(i) Pardon

- Martial

- Death

- Union Law

 

(ii) Reprieve

- Temporary stay of execution

 

(iii) Respite

- Lesser punishment for person with disability

 

(iv) Commute

- Substituting for lower punishment

 

(v) Suspend

- Same as pardon

 

(vi) Remission

- Reduce imprisonment

 

(vii) Remit

- Same as pardon