What is Prohibition of lay-off? Section 25M of Industrial Disputes Act 1947
25M. (1) No workman (other than a badli workman
or a casual workman) whose name is borne on the
muster-rolls of an industrial establishment to which
this Chapter applies shall be laid-off by his
employer except with the prior permission of the
appropriate Government or such authority as may be
specified by that Government by notification in the
Official Gazette (hereinafter in this section
referred to as the specified authority), obtained on
an application made in this behalf unless such
lay-off is due to shortage of power or to natural
calamity, and in the case of a mine, such lay-off is
due also to fire, flood, excess of inflammable gas
or explosion.
(2) An application for permission under sub-section (1) shall be made by the employer in the prescribed manner stating clearly the reasons for the intended lay-off and a copy of such application shall also be served simultaneously on the workmen concerned in the prescribed manner.
(3) Where the workmen (other than badli workmen or casual workmen) of an industrial establishment, being a mine, have been laid-off under sub-section (1) for reasons of fire, flood or excess of inflammable gas or explosion, the employer, in relation to such establishment, shall, within a period of thirty days from the date of commencement of such lay-off, apply, in the prescribed manner, to the appropriate Government or the specified authority for permission to continue the lay-off.
(4) Where an application for permission under sub-section (1) or sub-section (3) has been made, the appropriate Government or the specified authority, after making such enquiry as it thinks fit and after giving a reasonable opportunity of being heard to the employer, the workmen concerned and the persons interested in such lay-off, may, having regard to the genuineness and adequacy of the reasons for such lay-off, the interests of the workmen and all other relevant factors, by order and for reasons to be recorded in writing, grant or refuse to grant such permission and a copy of such order shall be communicated to the employer and the workmen.
(5) Where an application for permission under sub-section (1) or sub-section (3) has been made and the appropriate Government or the specified authority does not communicate the order granting or refusing to grant permission to the employer within a period of sixty days from the date on which such application is made, the permission applied for shall be deemed to have been granted on the expiration of the said period of sixty days.
(6) An order of the appropriate Government or the specified authority granting or refusing to grant permission shall, subject to the provisions of sub-section (7), be final and binding on all the parties concerned and shall remain in force for one year from the date of such order.
(7) The appropriate Government or the specified authority may, either on its own motion or on the application made by the employer or any workman, review its order granting or refusing to grant permission under sub-section (4) or refer the matter, or, as the case may because it to be referred, to a Tribunal for adjudication:
Provided that where a reference has been made to a Tribunal under this sub-section, it shall pass an award within a period of thirty days from the date of such reference.
(8) Where no application for permission under sub-section (1) is made, or where no application for permission under sub-section (3) is made within the period specified therein, or where the permission for any lay-off has been refused, such lay-off shall be deemed to be illegal from the date on which the workmen had been laid-off and the workmen shall be entitled to all the benefits under any law for the time being in force as if they had not been laid-off.
(9) Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing provisions of this section, the appropriate Government may, if it is satisfied that owing to such exceptional circumstances as accident in the establishment or death of the employer or the like, it is necessary so to do, by order, direct that the provisions of sub-section (1), or, as the case may be, sub-section (3) shall not apply in relation to such establishment for such period as may be specified in the order.
(10) The provisions of section 25C (other than the second proviso thereto) shall apply to cases of lay-off referred to in this section.
Explanation: For the purposes of this section, a workman shall not be deemed to be laid-off by an employer if such employer offers any alternative employment (which in the opinion of the employer does not call for any special skill or previous experience and can be done by the workman) in the same establishment from which he has been laid-off or in any other establishment belonging to the same employer, situate in the same town or village, or situate within such distance from the establishment to which he belongs that the transfer will not involve undue hardship to the workman having regard to the facts and circumstances of his case, provided that the wages which would normally have been paid to the workman are offered for the alternative appointment also.
STATE AMENDMENTS
RAJASTHAN
In section 25M,-
(a) in sub-section (1), between the expression "this Chapter
applies" and the expression "shall be laid off", the expression
"or is applied under sub-section (7A)of section 25K" shall be
inserted and for the expression "appropriate Government", the
expression "State Government" shall be substituted;
(b) in sub-section (2), for the expression "(Amendment) Act,
1976", the expression "(Rajasthan Amendment) Act, 1984" shall
be substituted;
(c) for the existing sub-section (3), the following sub-sections
shall be substituted, namely :-
"(3) In the case of every application for permission under sub-section (1) or sub-section (2), the employer shall state clearly the reasons due to which he intends to lay-off or continue the lay-off of a workman and a copy of such application shall be served on the workman intended to be laid-off or continued to be laid-off by registered post with acknowledgement due.
(4) Where an application for permission has been made under sub-section (1) or sub-section (2), the authority to whom the application has been made, after making such enquiry as it thinks fit and after giving reasonable opportunity of being heard to the employer and the workman, may, having regard to the genuineness and adequacy of the reasons stated by the employer, the terms of contract of service and the standing orders governing the establishment, by order and for reasons to be recorded in writing grant or refuse to grant such permission and such order shall be communicated to the employer and the workman.";
(d) the existing sub-section (4) shall be renumbered as sub-section (5) thereof;
(e) after sub-section (5) as so renumbered, the following sub-sections shall be inserted, namely :-
"(6) An order of the authority specified under sub-section (1) granting or refusing to grant permission shall, subject to the provisions of sub-section (7), be final and binding on both the parties.
(7) The authority specified under sub-section (1) may, either of its own motion or on the application made by the employer or the workman, review its order granting or refusing to grant permission under sub-section (4) or refer the matter to the Labour Court having jurisdiction for adjudication :
Provided that where a reference has been made to a Labour Court under this sub-section, it shall pass an award within a period of thirty days from the date of such reference." and
(f) the existing sub-sections (5) and (6) shall be renumbered as sub-sections (8) and (9) thereof - Rajasthan Act No. 8 of 1984.
Section 25FF - Compensation to workmen in case of transfer of undertakings
Section 25FFA - Sixty days' notice to be given of intention to close down any undertaking
Section 25FFF - Compensation to workmen in case of closing down of undertakings
Section 25G - Procedure for retrenchment
Section 25H - Re-employment of retrenched workmen
Section 25I - Recovery of moneys due from employers under this Chapter (omitted)
Section 25J - Effect of-laws Inconsistent with this Chapter
Section 25K - Application of Chapter V-B
Section 25M - Prohibition of lay-off
Section 25N - Conditions precedent to retrenchment of workmen
Section 25O - Procedure for closing down an undertaking
Section 25Q - Penalty for lay-off and retrenchment without previous permission
Section 25R - Penalty for closure
CHAPTER V-C UNFAIR LABOUR PRACTICES
Section 25T - Prohibition of unfair labour practice
Section 25U - Penalty for committing unfair labour practices
CHAPTER VI PENALTIES