What are the Conditions precedent to retrenchment of workmen? Section 25N of Industrial Disputes Act 1947
25N. (1) No workman employed in any industrial
establishment to which this Chapter applies, who has
been in continuous service for not less than one
year under an employer shall be retrenched by that
employer until,-
(a) the workman has been given three months' notice in writing indicating the reasons for retrenchment and the period of notice has expired, or the workman has been paid in lieu of such notice, wages for the period of the notice; and
(b) the prior permission of the appropriate Government or such authority as may be specified by that Government by notification in the Official Gazette (hereafter in this section referred to as the specified authority) has been obtained on an application made in this behalf.
(2) An application for permission under sub-section (1) shall be made by the employer in the prescribed manner stating clearly the reasons for the intended retrenchment and a copy of such application shall also be served simultaneously on the workmen concerned in the prescribed manner.
(3) Where an application for permission under sub-section (1) has been made, the appropriate Government or the specified authority, after making such enquiry as it thinks fit and after giving a reasonable opportunity of being heard to the employer, the workmen concerned and the persons interested in such retrenchment, may, having regard to the genuineness and adequacy of the reasons stated by the employer, the interests of the workmen and all other relevant factors, by order and for reasons to be recorded in writing, grant or refuse to grant such permission and a copy of such order shall be communicated to the employer and the workmen.
(4) Where an application for permission has been made under sub-section (1) and the appropriate Government or the specified authority does not communicate the order granting or refusing to grant permission to the employer within a period of sixty days from the date on which such application is made, the permission applied for shall be deemed to have been granted on the expiration of the said period of sixty days.
(5) An order of the appropriate Government or the specified authority granting or refusing to grant permission shall, subject to the provisions of sub-section (6), be final and binding on all the parties concerned and shall remain in force for one year from the date of such order.
(6) The appropriate Government or the specified authority may, either on its own motion or on the application made by the employer or any workman, review its order granting or refusing to grant permission under sub-section (3) or refer the matter or, as the case may be, cause it to be referred, to a Tribunal for adjudication:
Provided that where a reference has been made to a Tribunal under this subsection, it shall pass an award within a period of thirty days from the date of such reference.
(7) Where no application for permission under sub-section (1) is made, or where the permission for any retrenchment has been refused, such retrenchment shall be deemed to be illegal from the date on which the notice of retrenchment was given to the workman and the workman shall be entitled to all the benefits under any law for the time being in force as if no notice had been given to him.
(8) Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing provisions of this section, the appropriate Government may, if it is satisfied that owing to such exceptional circumstances as accident in the establishment or death of the employer or the like, it is necessary so to do, by order, direct that the provisions of sub-section (1) shall not apply in relation to such establishment for such period as may be specified in the order.
(9) Where permission for retrenchment has been granted under
sub-section (3) or where permission for retrenchment is deemed
to be granted under sub-section (4), every workman who is
employed in that establishment immediately before the date of
application for permission under this section shall be entitled
to receive, at the time of retrenchment, compensation which
shall be equivalent to fifteen days' average pay for every
completed year of continuous service or any part thereof in
excess of six months.
STATE AMENDMENTS
RAJASTHAN
In section 25N,-
(a) in sub-section (1),-
(i) between the expression "this Chapter applies" and the expression "who has been", the expression "or is applied under sub-section (1-A) of section 25K" shall be inserted; and
(ii) for clause (c), the following clause shall be
substituted, namely :-
"(c) three months' notice in writing stating clearly the reasons
for retrenchment is served on the State Government or such
authority as may be specified by the State Government by
notification in the Official Gazette by registered post with
acknowledgement due, and the permission of the State Government
or of the such authority is obtained under sub-section (2).";
(b) for sub-section (2), the following sub-section shall be
substituted, namely:-
"(2) On receipt of a notice under clause (c) of sub-section (1),
the State Government or authority, after making such enquiry as
it thinks fit and after giving reasonable opportunity of being
heard to the employer, the workman and the office-bearer of the
representative union of the concerned industrial establishment,
may, having regard to the genuineness and adequacy of the
reasons stated by the employer, requirements of industrial
peace, prevention of victimisation and unfair labour practice,
by order and for reasons to be recorded in writing grant or
refuse to grant such permission and such order shall be
communicated to the employer, the workman and the officebearer
of such representative union.";
(c) in sub-section (4), for the expression "(Amendment) Act, 1976", the expression "(Rajasthan Amendment) Act, 1984", for the expression "(a) of section 25F", the expression "(c) of sub-section (1)", for the word "appropriate", the word "State" and for the expression "sub-section (2)", the expression "the said clause of the said sub-section" shall respectively be substituted;
(d) in sub-section (5), for the word "appropriate", the word "State" shall be substituted;
(e) after sub-section (5), the following sub-sections shall be inserted, namely:-
"(6) an order of the State Government or the authority granting or refusing to grant permission shall, subject to the provisions of sub-section (7), be final and binding on all the parties and shall remain in force for one year from the date of such order.
(7) The State Government or, as the case may be, the authority may, either on its own motion or on the application made by the employer or the workman, review its order granting or refusing to grant permission under sub-section (2) or refer the matter to a Tribunal for adjudication:
Provided that where a reference has been made to a Tribunal under this sub-section, it shall pass an award within a period of thirty days from the date of such reference.";
(f) the existing sub-sections (6) and (7) shall respectively be renumbered as sub-sections (8) and (9) thereof; and
(g) in sub-section (9) as so renumbered,-
(i) for the expression "(Amendment) Act, 1976", the expression "(Rajasthan Amendment) Act, 1984" shall be substituted;
(ii) the expression "or the Central Government" shall be deleted;
(iii) for the word "appropriate", wherever occurring, the word "State" shall be substituted; and
(iv) for the expression "and any order passed by such authority shall be final and binding on the employer and the workman or workmen", the expression "and such authority while deciding such matter shall proceed to hold the enquiry in the manner and have regard to the matters specified in sub-section (2). Any order passed by such authority shall, subject to review under the proviso to this sub-section, be final and binding on the employer and the workman or workmen :
Provided that such authority as aforesaid may, either on its own motion or on the application made by the employer or the workman, review the order passed by it under this sub-section or refer the matter to a Tribunal for adjudication and to such reference, the provisions contained in the proviso to sub-section (7) shall, mutatis mutandis, apply", shall be substituted - Rajasthan Act No. 8 of 1984.
Section 25FF - Compensation to workmen in case of transfer of undertakings
Section 25FFA - Sixty days' notice to be given of intention to close down any undertaking
Section 25FFF - Compensation to workmen in case of closing down of undertakings
Section 25G - Procedure for retrenchment
Section 25H - Re-employment of retrenched workmen
Section 25I - Recovery of moneys due from employers under this Chapter (omitted)
Section 25J - Effect of-laws Inconsistent with this Chapter
Section 25K - Application of Chapter V-B
Section 25M - Prohibition of lay-off
Section 25N - Conditions precedent to retrenchment of workmen
Section 25O - Procedure for closing down an undertaking
Section 25Q - Penalty for lay-off and retrenchment without previous permission
Section 25R - Penalty for closure
CHAPTER V-C UNFAIR LABOUR PRACTICES
Section 25T - Prohibition of unfair labour practice
Section 25U - Penalty for committing unfair labour practices
CHAPTER VI PENALTIES